The New Jim Crow Laws - 1667 Words

In the book the New Jim Crow Laws there is racial discrimination on the African American people in the American society. What is racial discrimination? It is refusing somebody based on race. In the United States we have been racial discriminate on the African American people and that is what cause the south and north to go civil wat was because slavery and racism that existed and even still to this day. In the south the black were less and treated unequal to them historically even today were are still experiencing a civil rights movement. In the recent years society had a civil right movement when Obama become the first black president in history in the 2008 and still serving until 2016. In this book is comparing the pre Jim Crow laws to Current the Jim Crow laws. Analysis of the Book New Jim Crow Laws This book the new Jim Crow Laws in a modern version of to kill mocking a bird. In the book killing a mocking bird Atticus is a white lawyer. He is representing a black man during that 1960’s when the Jim Crow Laws existed. The Jim Crow Laws were laws written to separate the blacks and whites in the public areas this meant African Americans could not use the same bathroom, be at the same school, and even at to sit at the back of the bus. They had unequal opportunities and even the in government. In the book Maycomb accused Tom Robinson of rapping her. In the book Atticus and Tom Robinson could have both been lynched. The court case in the book and the jury isShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is known as a net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designedRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow laws were state and local laws that reinforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s (Urofsky). The laws mandated segregation of schools, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, and restaurants. In legal theory, blacks received â€Å"separate but equal† treatment under the law--in actuality, public facilities were nearly always inferior to those for whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacksRead MoreThe Strange Career of Jim Crow by C. Vann Woodward1063 Words   |  5 PagesWoodward wrote The Strange Career of Jim Crow for a purpose. His purpose was to enlighten people about the history of the Jim Crow laws in the South. Martin Luther King Jr. called Woodward’s book, â€Å"the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.† (221) Martin Luther King Jr.’s quote revealed the true importance of Woodward’s book. Woodard’s book significance was based on it revealing the strange, forgotten facets of the Jim Crow laws. Assumptions about the Jim Crow’s career have existed since itsRead MoreEssay on The Strange Career of Jim Crow1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Strange Career of Jim Crow C. Vann Woodward’s book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, has been hailed as a book which shaped our views of the history of the Civil Rights Movement and of the American South. Martin Luther King, Jr. described the book as â€Å"the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.† The argument presented in The Strange Career of Jim Crow is that the Jim Crow laws were relatively new introductions to the South that occurred towards the turn of the century rather thanRead More Jim Crow Laws Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create separate but equal treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities.† The Jim Crows Laws created tensions and disrespect towards blacks from whites. These laws separated blacks and whites from each other and shows how rac e determines how an individual is treated. The Jim CrowRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesasked to write a reflection on discussed The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness which is a book written by Michelle Alexander a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and Associate Professor of Law at Ohio State University. Michelle Alexander states that although we made tremendous progress with Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s by unifying as a race and fought to seemingly ended the old Jim Crow era by the passing of laws such as the 1965 voting act and Brown V.SRead MoreJim Crow And The Civil Rights Movement1363 Words   |  6 Pages During this time, Jim Crow laws were heavily enforced, but where did these Jim Crow laws come from? Why were these oppressive laws named Jim Crow? While many people have heard of Jim Crow laws, most do not know or understand the origins, history, affects, and aftermaths of this infam ous name. The name Jim Crow was not randomly chosen. During the 1830s, Thomas D. Rice, a white entertainer and playwright, became famous because of his black-face comedic act, Jim Crow. Jim Crow was the portrayal ofRead MoreJim Crow Laws Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: What happened when the Jim Crow laws were first created? When the Jim Crow laws were first created, they were supposed to make racism legal in our country, even though there were laws protecting all races of people. The government tried to pass laws for a long time to prevent black and white races from interfering with each other, legally. As research says, â€Å"The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. constitution, adopted in 1866, guarantees that no state may ‘abridge the privileges or immunitiesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pages changed, and shaped into unrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]eRead MoreThe Everlasting Jim Crow System973 Words   |  4 Pages The everlasting Jim Crow system According to The New Jim Crow (Alexander, 2010), today s society in the United States endured totally three major periods of racial regulation system: The Slavery, The Jim Crow and The Mass Incarceration. The latter still dominates, and it perpetuates racial caste system in a way which is legalized and normalized under the sugarcoating of colorblindness. According to the author, the mass incarceration eventually becomes the new Jim Crow System, and it represents

The American Dream, And All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby)...

The 1920s were a decade of rebirth characterised by the founding of the quot;American Dreamquot; -- the belief that anyone can, and should, achieve material success. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modern society. As a result, this novel could have easily been written in modern times. In his novel, Fitzgerald criticises the American Dream by describing its negative characteristics: class struggles between the rich and the poor, the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I thought he knew something about breeding but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe† (Fitzgerald 39). The adulterous behaviour of Myrtle and Tom, as well as the carelessness of Daisy and Jordan, illustrates the corruptibility of the rich. Both Tom and Daisy are morally corrupt, having little concern for how they treat the people around them. â€Å"Daisy and her husband display their indifference to human values in episodes involving sexual exploitation and careless violence† (Fahey 72). The Buchanans are not the only shallow ones, Jordan is â€Å"incurably dishonest† and her opinion that â€Å"‘It takes two to make an accident,’†(Fitzgerald 63) is an attempt to justify of her thoughtlessness. ‘â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy -- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Fitzgerald 187) says Nick. Since the wealthy social class which they belong to is immoral, they can get away with being corrupt; a corruption that comes from a false sense of security in their money, and the belief they have achived the american dream. One of the faults in the American dream is that it equates material wealth and possessions with happiness. However, not everything, nor everyone, can be bought. Nick, forShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream, and All Its Splendor (Great Gatsby)854 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920s were a decade of rebirth characterised by the founding of the American Dream -- the belief that anyone can, and should, achieve material success. The defining writer of the 1920s was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose most famous novel, The Great Gatsby, has become required reading for present-day high school students. We study Fitzgeralds novel for the same reason we study Shakespeare. The literature composed by both authors contains themes and morals that continue to be relevant to modernRead More Jay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby According to Aristotle, there are a number of characteristics that identify a tragic hero: he must cause his own downfall; his fate is not deserved, and his punishment exceeds the crime; he also must be of noble stature and have greatness. These are all characteristics of Jay Gatsby, the main character of Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby.   Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero according to Aristotles definition.  Ã‚   Jay Gatsby is an enormouslyRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle invented a list of criteria in an attempt to determine the exact definition of a tragic hero.   The list states the following - the tragic hero must cause his own down fall; the tragic heros fate is undeserved; the tragic heros punishment exceeds his crime; the tragic hero must be a great and noble person according to the standards of the current society.   In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby can be defined as a tragicRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald778 Words   |  4 PagesMidterm Essay In The Great Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald depicts The American Dream as a positive meanwhile it gives hope those that want to follow it. The American Dream is something all Americans or incoming immigrants want to have. The Dream includes freedom, opportunities, and responsibility. The dream in its infancy starts when Gatsby relocated himself to West Egg, the dream changes for Gatsby changes when lives across the bay from Daisy, and result of the dream ends when Gatsby dies. Ultimately, JayRead More Green Light in The Great Gatsby Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe Green Light in The Great Gatsby       The image of the green light in the novel Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a significant symbol which reflects Gatsbys dream and other aspects beyond Gatsbys longing.   Throughout the novel Fitzgerald uses many other images or symbols.   At first, it may seem very basic, but when the symbol is closely studied, one may see the deeper meaning found within it. Fitzgerald uses these symbols to make a point across to the readerRead MoreThe Grand Illusion in The Great Gatsby Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is a farce. Hopeful American children and quixotic foreigners believe that freedom will lead to prosperity, and that prosperity will bring happiness. This anticipation of joy will never come to fruition, and all these unfortunate people will feel that they were cheated out of happiness by some unlucky roll of dice, but really they have been chasing cars, because the American dream is not something one can truly capture, but only smoke trapped in the palm of a hand. In The GreatRead More Gatsbys Dream and Daisys Conflicts in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1163 Words   |  5 PagesGatsbys Dream and Daisys Conflicts in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Jay Gatsby, the central character of F. Scott Fitzgerald?s The Great Gatsby symbolizes the American dream. The American dream offers faith in the possibility of a better life. Its attendant illusion is the belief that material wealth alone can bring that dream to fruition. Through Gatsby, Fitzgerald brings together both these ideas. Jay Gatsby thinks money is the answer to anything he encounters. He has theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1249 Words   |  5 Pagesof the many events that occurred at the time. Nearly all the people enjoyed their fortunes and fed their hunger for materialistic items by constantly buying new things that they did not need. This strange desire for material items had become the American Dream; this is what people wanted. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald writes about various characters who spend their entire life trying to achieve their money-based American Dream. Despite their vast efforts, they never reach it. FitzgeraldRead More1.10 the Great Gatsby Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Character Behavior Consequences Jay Gatsby Self absorbed He’s let down when all of his action don’t give him the results he wants. Daisy Buchanan Careless, selfish She gets the attention she seeks and the guilt becomes too much; especially when the tables turn and she finds out Tom is cheating. Tom Buchanan Firm, barbaric He loses his mistress and his wife begins to have an affair. Jordan Baker Self-centered , dishonest Nick leaves her forever. Myrtle Wilson Read MoreThe Great Gatsby942 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby |   idealistic and unrealistic | Gatsbys love obsession with Daisy drives him to great ends in which to earn her requited love. | Daisy Buchanan |   Self-centered, immoral |   Perhaps Daisy did not have any consequences because she never had any real attachment to anything in her life, only instant gratification and material pursuits to ease her boredom with life. | Tom Buchanan |   hypocritical, and arrogant |   Tom does not suffer any real consequences | Jordan Baker    |   her

Do Computers And Internet Make Essay Research free essay sample

Make Computers And Internet Make Essay, Research Paper Computers are going an of import piece of equipment in our day-to-day life. Computers non merely enable us to better accomplish our undertakings, but are besides a manner to of sharing and pass oning with others around the universe. Whereas computing machines and engineering are so near together, they are giving worlds a new beat in their lives. Both engineering and Computers are more than of all time present in our day-to-day modus operandis assisting us accomplish our aims in a faster, secure and more professional manner. The purpose of this study is to measure whether Computers and Internet make people more productive. Harmonizing to the information gathered, it turns out that in most instances they do in fact better the overall productiveness of people. It s astonishing how many new communications finds have improved the manner people work, behave and conduct their lives. The term productive can be explained as Yielding favourable or utile consequences ; constructive. Or involved in the creative activity of goods and services to bring forth affluent or value. 1 Let me get down by supplying some of the new technological footings that have been altering the life style of many people. Internet, or Information Super Highway, is aimed to better entrees to information and corporate resources. This communicating will let people to travel faster, control communications costs, and overcome distance. It can besides do your people more productive, authorising them with new tools to assist run into concern aims. 2 Thankss to the Internet, people are more than of all time able to portion their information, ideas and thoughts faster. Another engineering being used presents is called telecommuting. A simple account is that employees can now work from place, without holding to travel to their offices. Harmonizing to many studies, the figure of people whom will follow this working method will make 45 1000000s people in the United States by the Year 2000. Telecommuting provides me with a batch of flexibleness And it allows me to equilibrate my work burden with my personal life. I feel that I # 8217 ; m decidedly more productive. 3 This can merely be accomplished by the lower monetary value of hardware and package available in the market today. In add-on, with lower-cost hi-tech place office equipment available, the attack saves employers money on office infinite and operating expense. This is merely the tip of the iceberg, compared to the eternal ways of how the usage of Computers integrated with an Internet connexion can do people more productive. Furthermore, lower package monetary values together with really good designed computing machine interfaces can besides increase the productiveness of workers. I can surely state that well-designed user interface helps me better carry through my day-to-day undertakings at work. Why? One of the major alterations in computing machine engineering has been the development of icons alternatively of bid driven interfaces. Harmonizing to the usage of Human-Computer Interaction Studies, merely 5 % to 20 % of user interactions typically involve aid, but although this reflects a little per centum in footings of informations aggregation it can be really significant one in footings of attempt and defeat! 4 GUI ( Graphical User Interface ) besides provides interface options non available in character manner. The opportunity that they # 8217 ; re all irrelevant is slight ; some will allow you do people more productive. 5 An image is easier to be recognized by worlds ; therefore well-designed package facilitates the undertakings included in executing your occupation. This method outputs constructive consequences, which is one of the definitions for productiveness. In add-on to that, many alterations have been made in the manner in which people connect themselves. The nomenclature LAN ( Local Area Network ) and WAN ( Wide Area Network ) are the methods used for people to link in an office, within their houses or with friends around the universe. Network Structure is related to the people working under the same edifice but non in the same country. The connexions between different floors within a company can be achieved by utilizing LANs. By agencies of LANs and WANs, people can reach their colleagues within the same edifice or the other side of the universe by lone directing them an e-mail message. Not merely does this sort of information engineering give people the ability to make their occupations more efficaciously, but besides allows them to react faster, giving more productiveness. So, for case, if your company has internal web sites in London, Singapore, Seattle, and New York, person with a web browser could recover information from any of those sites with equal easiness. 6 Again, this technique green goodss, in my sentiment, favourable consequences non merely for the user but besides for the company. The purpose is to do people more productive, to cut down cost and supply the best quality possible. To accomplish this phase, such tools are necessary today. Not merely e-mail messages make things simpler but besides better the velocity in which people received/send their replies. A valid illustration where a user needs faster aid is when a computing machine job arises or you need to happen out the following flight to Spain. Alternatively of naming the Telephone Company and inquiring for the telephone figure of the bearer, one can merely look into the Internet for a fast, dependable information. Another illustration is when you need to repair your computing machine. You need that information every bit fast as you can acquire it. Nowadays, the usage of on-line aid has been proven a true value. Problems with pressmans, files and computing machines bugs can originate at any clip. On-line aid can easy supply that information for you or your company faster than disbursement clip happening the figure to name to client service for aid. Less clip to repair the job means more clip to be productive. This illustration explains the ability to bring forth services, another account of productiveness. Much has been said about the Internet and computing machines. But can computing machines without the Internet addition people s productiveness? I strongly believe that computing machines have increased the velocity in which we accomplish our activities. Harmonizing to many surveies, my premise is non ever correct. A study states that Information processing continues to be the chief undertaking undertaken by America # 8217 ; s work force. Over half the labour force is employed in information-handling activities. Overall productiveness growing appears to hold slowed significantly since the early 1970s and measured productiveness growing has fallen particularly aggressively in the service sectors 7 But it besides states that computing machines helped people to be more confident and hence to experience more comfy doing determinations on their ain. Computers are able to supply people with resources and stuff to ease their decision-making. They are going user-friendly plenty for all to be able to utilize. This is one of the chief grounds why the hi-tech companies today are confronting such a province of grace, with hideous grosss and eternal room for new development of merchandises. Many others believe that what is go oning now is merely the beginning and that we are come ining in a new epoch as described by Peter Schwartz. He states that We are watching the beginnings of a planetary economic roar on a graduated table neer experienced before. We have entered a period of sustained growing that could finally duplicate the universe # 8217 ; s economic system every twelve old ages and convey increasing prosperity 8 With all this new engineering emerging is non hard to hold that much more is yet to come. If all the new engineering will do undertakings easier, better quality and increase productiveness, allow this engineering be portion of the universe and accessible by people. As stated before, computing machines are going a really of import piece of equipment in our lives. Much can be done with computing machines. They are merely tools that need to be driven by a smart, intelligent person to bring forth the best end products possible. Bibliography: 1 ) Houghton Mifflin Company, The American Heritage Dictionary 2nd edition: Boston, Morris 1198. 2 ) Encyclopedia Britannica, Internet. Unknown Date. hypertext transfer protocol: //mdusa.lib.umd.edu:8000/WebZ/html/homeframe.html: sessionid=01-65002-1732790655 December 11 1999 3 ) Casey Wian, Telecommuting: At lasts a practical world: hypertext transfer protocol: //cnn.com/TECH/9511/telecommuting/index.html November 21, 1995 4 ) Yvonne Rogers, Human Computer Interaction. New York, Penguin: 1997 5 ) Bob Lewis. A well-designed GUI can do users more productive. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idg.net/cgi-bin/remote_search_t August 10, 1998. 6 ) Wide-Area Networks Make It Possible. ( No writer Mentioned ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wordmark.com/intranet/intrmark/a1/mod-a120.htm 1996 Wordmark.Com, Inc. 7 ) Erik Brynjolfsson Shinkyu Yang, Information Technology and Productivity: hypertext transfer protocol: //ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP202/ A Review of the Literature MITS loan School of Management Cambridge, Massachusetts. February, 1996 8 ) Peter Schwartz and Peter Leyden. The Long Boom: A History of the Future, 1980 # 8211 ; 2020 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wired.com/wired/5.07/longboom.html July,1997

The Yellow Wallpaper †Journey into Insanity Essay Paper Example For Students

The Yellow Wallpaper – Journey into Insanity Essay Paper In The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the dominant/submissive relationship between an oppressive husband and his submissive wife pushes her from depression into insanity. Flawed human nature seems to play a great role in her breakdown. Her husband, a noted physician, is unwilling to admit that there might really be something wrong with his wife. This same attitude is seen in her brother, who is also a physician. While this attitude, and the actions taken because of it, certainly contributed to her breakdown; it seems to me that there is a rebellious spirit in her. Perhaps unconsciously she seems determined to prove them wrong. We will write a custom essay on The Yellow Wallpaper – Journey into Insanity Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the story begins, the woman whose name we never learn tells of her depression and how it is dismissed by her husband and brother. You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and ones own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical * * * * *Roberts 2tendency what is one to do? (Gilman 193). These two men both doctors seem completely unable to admit that there might be more to her condition than than just stress and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest dont help, her husband refuses to accept that she may have a real problem. Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her health. She is forbidden to work, So I . . . am absolutely forbidden to work until I am well again. (Gilman 193). She is not even supposed to write: There comes John, and I must put this away he hates to have me write a word. (Gilman 194). She has no say in the location or decor of the room she is virtually imprisoned in: I dont like our room a bit. I wantedBut John would not hear of it. (Gilman 193). She cant have visitors: It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my workbut he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now. (Gilman 196). Probably in large part because of her oppression, she continues to decline. I dont feel as if it was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything. . . (Gilman 197). It seems that her husband is oblivious to her declining conditon, since he never admits she has a real problem until* * * * *Roberts 3the end of the story at which time he fainted. John could have obtained council from someone less personally involved in her case, but the only help he seeks was for the house and baby. He obtains a nanny to watch over the children while he was away at work each day: It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. (Gilman 195). And he had his sister Jennie take care of the house. She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper. (Gilman 196). He does talk of taking her to an expert: John says if I dont pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. But she took that as a threat since he was even more domineering than her husband and brother. Not only does he fail to get her help, but by keeping her virtually a prisoner in a room with nauseating wallpaper and very little to occupy her mind, let alone offer any kind of mental stimulation, he almost forces her to dwell on her problem. Prison is supposed to be depressing, and she is pretty close to being a prisoner. .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .postImageUrl , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:hover , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:visited , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:active { border:0!important; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:active , .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5 .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc386437abd610981c0b441924039f6f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On vacation this summer I glanced out the window a EssayPerhaps if she had been allowed to come and go and do as she pleased her depression might have lifted: I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me. (Gilman 195). It seems that just being able to tell someone how she really felt would have eased her depression, but John wont hear of it. The lack of an outlet caused the depression to worsen: I must say what I feel and* * * * *Roberts 4think in some way it is such a relief! But the effort is getting to be greater than the relief. (Gilman 198). Meanwhile her reaction is to seek to prove him wrong. John is a physician, and perhaps . . . perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster. You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? (Gilman 193). It seems to me that while putting on an appearance of submission she was frequently rebelling against her husbands orders. She writes when there is nobody around to see her, she tries to move her bed, but always keeps an eye open for someone comming. This is obvious throughout the story. It also seems to me that, probably because of his oppressive behaviour, she wants to drive her husband away. John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious! (Gilman 195). As her breakdown approaches she actually locks him out of her room: I have locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path. I dont want to go out, and I dont want to have anybody come in, till John comes. I want to astonish him. (Gilman 203). I see no reason for this other than to force him to see that he was wrong, and, since she knew he couldnt tolerate hysteria, to drive him away. Works CitedGilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. 1892. The New England Magazine. Reprinted in Lives Moments An Introduction to Short Fiction by Hans Ostrom. Hold, Orlando, FL 1991. It necessary to allowed 24 hours store because it create employment

APA Term Paper

APA Term Paper APA is short for American Psychological Association; an organization, which has elaborated a set of referencing rules for different fields of study, e.g. education, business, various social studies and, naturally, psychology. Hence an APA term paper means that this particular piece of writing is to be formatted and referenced in full accordance to the specifications, set by American Psychological Association. What Is an APA Term Paper? APA is short for American Psychological Association; an organization, which has elaborated a set of referencing rules for different fields of study, e.g. education, business, various social studies and, naturally, psychology. Hence an APA term paper means that this particular piece of writing is to be formatted and referenced in full accordance with the specifications, set by American Psychological Association. The entire set of rules as to writing APA Term Paper as well as other research papers (see research paper) can be found in the 6th edition of the APA manual, covering all steps in the process of writing, including such issues as general formatting, in-text referencing, footnotes and/or endnotes, bibliography page etc. APA Format APA language and formatting standard requires certain assignment types to be written in accordance with the APA rules. These assignments are related to social and behavioral sciences and include the following assignment types: term papers and research papers, empirical studies and literature reviews, case studies, theoretical and methodological articles. APA Structure Consequently, we can see that if we are to write a term paper, it has to be written according to the APA standards. APA research paper doesn’t only need to be formatted according to APA rules; it has to be written according to the structure that APA prescribes. TERM PAPER FORMAT As shown in the diagram above, the structural components of an APA term paper are:  title page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, references, and appendices. Basically, each section of the APA term paper should pursue its own logic, for example: Title page is meant to present some basic information about the paper, including title, author, and institution; The abstract section provides an extremely short synopsis of your paper; it only describes the core of your APA term paper. Usually, it takes from one to two paragraphs in length (no more than two); The introduction is meant to provide a gist of the paper to your reader, he or she should be able to understand the essence of your research without actually having to go into it and read it from cover to cover. The introduction must be longer is size than that abstract part; Methods tell your reader what methods of research and data analysis are going to be used in your paper. The research you have conducted has to be completely replicable, and other scholars should be able to verify your results by utilizing the same research methods as you used. Results section presents your reader with the results of your research. Often students get so carried away enumerating their results, that they don’t pay enough attention to the important bits of their research. The discussion is supposed to relate your findings to the methodology section and explain how your results correlate with your methodology. You discussion part can either include the conclusion or have it as another part of the discussion section. References section should reflect all sources of information you have used to complete your research paper. They are organized alphabetically according to APA specifications. Requirements for an APA Term Paper Generally speaking, a term paper written in accordance to APA specifications meets the following requirements: 1. Typed on a standard sheet of paper (8.5† by 11†) 2. Double spaced, Serif font face (typically Times New Roman, 12 pt) 3. Has 1† margins on each side 4. Contain page numbers (upper right-hand corner of each page) 5. Have a running head (must include a 1-2 word version of the term paper title). The page number and the running head are to be separated by a 5-spaced interval 6. Abstract (a 75-100 word description of your essay, summing up its main points and clearly stating the main idea of the essay. The abstract section should immediately follow the title page, the very word Abstract should be centered, and paragraph should follow) 7. Headings (they are not absolutely necessary, but preferable. When putting together a heading dont forget to capitalize every letter of it, with the exception of articles, short prepositions, and conjunctions) 8. Visuals (visuals should be as simple as possible, having a clear label, followed by an Arabic numeral; and include the title of the visual. The label and its title should be positioned on separate lines above the table. Below the table the source is required) HOW TO WRITE A TERM PAPER In case you a looking for a quality APA term paper, our professional writers are always ready to render you academic assistance. APA term paper writing is one of the key services our service provide. We have completed thousands of term papers and know what it takes to write them effectively. Our team of writers is capable of carrying out top-notch research according to the recommendations of the APA organization. Feel free to contact our support staff, who are available 24/7, ready to help you with any kind of writing assignment or place an order and get your professionally written term paper on time. General pricing plan for term paper writing is as follows (prices are in US dollars, cost per page): #get_view(blocks/prices2.php)

How to Get Your Essay Started

How to Get Your Essay Started How to Get Your Essay Started Starting an essay is the most difficult activity that students face in their academic career. Students have the tendency to procrastinate in completing their essay writing assignments simply because they think they have more time than they actually do. How to get your essay started is probably the most recurring question on a student’s mind. The essay writing process should be as smooth as possible so that the student writer is motivated to develop the essay fully. First, it is important to read and understand all the essay requirements before beginning. Having the guidelines and requirements at hand enables one to be cognizant of the number of words required and the type of research to be undertaken, as well as determining who targeted audience is. Before writing the essay, it is important to establish a writing schedule. Lengthy custom essays have a myriad of requirements that are all assessed by the evaluator. Students who fail to adhere to these instructions often find themselves with low grades even if the content of the paper is great. To jump-start the essay writing process, one is expected to not only understand the paper requirements but also to employ critical thinking skills. Think about each question and determine what is expected at the completion of the paper. The essay writing process includes a schedule for completing each step and an outline of what one plans to write. Basically, a good essay begins with a brief idea of what the topic encompasses. The topic may be broad, and so it is narrowed down and the purpose of the essay expressed as a thesis statement. The introductory paragraph states the paper’s theme and may mention the main points, as well. Writers are expected not to provide details in the first paragraph. Instead, the body of the paragraph will state the main points again and provide supporting details and elaboration. In addition, correct choice of words and vivid explanations make the essay interesting. Furthermore, extensive research on the topic and generation of new concepts and insight adds value to the essay. Good essays always provide the strengths and weaknesses of various viewpoints related to the issue at hand. This allows the reader to understand both sides of an issue objectively. Before writing, it is necessary to gather all the relevant sources on the essay topic. Recently published articles and journals are often the best sources to use in essay writing. Developing several drafts makes it easier to correct mistakes and to add value in terms of new ideas and concepts. The process of writing a quality essay takes time; therefore, students are advised to begin the paper as soon as it is assigned. However, students who find the essay writing process too demanding always have the option of outsourcing to essay writers online from credible paper writing service institutions. Even so, these students are expected to understand the requirements for the specific essay they need writers to complete for them. Regardless of who writes the paper or the purpose of the paper, certain components are needed for it to be considered well-written. It must contain a clear thesis statement and supporting details. These allow the reader to understand and accept the writer’s position. Additionally, the flow and clarity of ideas is dependent upon the development of an outline. If ideas and concepts are arranged in a logical manner, then the paper will appear coherent. As a result, the reader is more likely not only to understand the paper but to also enjoy reading it. Feel free to get professional essay writing help from academic writers at !

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 48

Summary - Essay Example Kenner makes the viewer realize the fact that USDA and FDA, which are the government regulatory agencies designed to guarantee the quality of food we eat, are not playing their actual role in assigning the corporations this responsibility to consider the consumers’ interest beyond personal and financial interests. This brings the future of the American farmer at stake along with threatening the worker’s wellbeing and the environment’s stability. The documentary makes us think why there is such a high a level of sickness today as compare to past when there were no genetic engineering and artificial methods to protect and preserve the food. Today, tomatoes are being genetically engineered so that they do not get rotten, and many other dubious techniques are being used to harvest and process the food that people are falling ill at a much higher rate than ever. The meat we consume comes from the animal which is corn-fed and given antibiotics to stay in good shape til l they reach slaughter houses and processing factories. An estimate in the documentary says that 73,000 Americans are falling sick every year thanks to the potent strains of E. coli. There are more obese children and more diabetic adults today. The investigative journalism, through this documentary, peeps into the real causes of larger chicken breasts, fresh tomatoes and hamburger, and disease-resistant soya beans. The film succeeds in making the viewer feel like an abused species that is being physically tortured by the food corporations. The greedy face of the food industry is revealed. The film calls the viewer to stand up and raise his voice against this abuse that is being given to him through chemically treated food, so that the government thinks about alternatives to this junk we are eating and provides us with healthy food leading to an improved

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International business - Essay Example It would be prudent to examine why world over free-trade agreements between the nations have got so much importance in last few decades. Suranovic (2010) describes following key reasons behind any international trade between the nations. Resource Differences Each country differs in availability of resources, especially natural resources such as mines, minerals, energy sources, water and crucial raw materials. This resource benefits put them into advantage over other countries to produce good. Technological Differences Technological differences put one country ahead of other because deploying better technology country can produce goods at lower cost using lower resources. Economies of Scale Economies of scale put one country into advantage over others because that helps reduce the cost of production. Those who fail to operate at the economies of scale will be at disadvantageous situation. It is obvious that global demand will rush toward the lowest production centers. Government Regul ations Tariffs imposed on the imported goods or subsidies provided to domestic producers can boost or bust the trade between the nations. ... That augurs well for the overall growth of the market. Inefficient domestic producers are the biggest sufferers who cannot stand due to their non competitiveness. Their inability to compete with the good from other countries could be for any reason; however, they opine that they should be protected if domestic workers’ jobs are to be saved (Suranovic, 2010, Ch.2). The Ricardian Model states that free trade raises production and consumption efficiencies. It also states that labor is mobile and economy achieves full employment soon; however, in the real world full employment cannot be achieved due to impending complexities of the market. Labor productivity changes when they move one from one market to another. In reality it does not remain a win-win situation for all. One group of workers who have a competitive advantage get benefitted in terms of real income but at the same time other groups of workers lose on real wages. That is to say, a free trade arranges redistribution of the income among participatory nations (Suranovic, 2010, Ch.2). US Free trade with Latin America, Central America and the Caribbean needs to be seen in the above perspectives. US entered into a free trade agreement with the five countries of the Central American namely Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Dominican Republic. The agreement is known as CA-DR FTA. The textile and clothing sector is the most vibrant nontraditional and industrial export sector of the Central America which is responsible for most of the foreign exchange earnings. Thus, the biggest impact that the US industries may experience will be in textiles, apparel and leather sectors (Jensen et al., 2007 p.1). Butcher and Stamps (2004) state that the economic benefits to the US economy are mixed in

Causes and Effects of Smoking Essay Example for Free

Causes and Effects of Smoking Essay Causes and Effects of Smoking There are millions of people around the world who smoke daily. They inhale the toxins into their bodies, which can harm them internally. Although you may not be a smoker, there are still chances that you are inhaling the toxins of the cigarrete as well. Thousands of people die a year from smoking; more than car accidents and other sunstance abuse. Smoking can lead to many health problems. People who smoke are at high risks of problems with their heart, lung and respiratory system, ertain types of cancers, premature death, and other health problems. There are several different types of harmful chemicals in tabacco smoke. Out of the 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. While there are several different types of chemicals, out of the 250, there are approximately 70 chemicals that can cause cancer. Some of the cancer-causing chemicals are arsenic, beryllium, nickel, vinyl chloride, as well as other chemicals. The types of cancers that smoking can lead to are lung, mouth, esophagus, kidney, stomach, and throat cancer. The more that a person smokes, the higher at risk they are of conceiving these types of cancer; mainly lung cancer. Approximately 90% of people who are diagnosed with lung cancer are caused by smoking. If no one smoked, lung cancer would be a very rare illness. However, for someone who may have quit smoking, it will take approximately 15 years for their lungs to become the same as non-smokers. Smoking can also lead to various types of diseases. One disease that is very common is heart disease. Heart disease is not Just one condition, but it is a group of conditions. The heart has many root causes such as coronary artery disease. If plaque builds up in the arteries, then the blood will not be able to reach the heart. Your heart is a muscle with blood constantly moving in and out. The blood keeps your heart to work properly. But, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stress, and smoking can lead into coronary artery disease. Other types of diseases that are caused by smoking are Alzheimers disease, bronchitis, emphysema, and several others. Although people do not smoke, they still somehow are diagnosed with cancer or diseases from smoking. How is this exactly? Well, people who dont smoke can still inhale the toxins from cigarettes of people who smoke around them, or in their environment. Second-hand smoking is also known as environmental tobacco smoke or passive smoking. It is the combination of sidestream smoke (the smoke given off by a burning tobacco product) and mainstream smoke (the smoke exhaled by a smoker) Inhaling the moke given off by the cigarette can lead to lung cancer in a non-smoking adult. There are thousands of people who are non-smokers, which die each year from lung cancer. This is because they were exposed to second-hand smoking. Second-hand smoke causes disease and premature death in non-smoking adults and children. Women who are pregnant and exposed to second-hand smoking can give birth to a baby with a low birth weight. While adults can get lung cancer and other diseases, children can also be exposed to second-hand smoking. Children who are exposed to ronchitis, and asthma. It can slow the growth of the childs lungs and cause them to be breathless. In conclusion, smoking can lead to several health problems. Several of these health problems can lead to other types of diseases and cancers, as well as death. Pregnant women and children exposed to second-hand smoking can ruin their health. Smoking affects us and the world because it is one of the leading causes of death. Inhaling the toxins destroys our bodies, and there are more and more people every year who die from these toxins.

The Women of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Women of Othello The women of Shakespeares Othello are put into stereotypical roles, but behind peoples backs play much stronger types. Desdemona, goes against her fathers orders and marries a moor. Bianca innocently takes part in Desdemona's death. Emilia has an opportunity to save Desdemona but sneakingly remains silent. These women are similar because they are treated like they are lower then the men in their days. But they do not let that hold them back. These women take part in anything that pleases them. In no way would they let men tell them what to do! Desdemona was the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Against her father's wishes, she marries a moor, Othello. "The marriage seems to be monstrous- in the sense that it represents a deviation from that which is natural. How else, Brabantio asks, would Desdemona, so carefully, have brought such scandal upon herself and her father by shunning, the wealthy curled darlings of our nation"(Act 1 Scene 2 Line 68). Desdemona arrives and gently resolves the dispute by acknowledging split loyalties to her father and to her new husband, but making it clear that she now belongs to Othello. For the play being set in the late sixteenth century, Desdemona's defense of her actions is remarkably forthright, spirited, and courageous. She was aware of the great risk involved when she married a moor. She says "She remains bound to her noble father for her life and education; he remains her lord of duty, and she will always honor him as such. Now however, she has a husband, and she must recogniz e her duties to him just as her mother did to Brabantio"(Act 1 Scene 3 Line 181). Desdemona is a well-born and well educated daughter of a Venetian senator. She has been trained to adapt herself easily to any social situation. You could see how she is headstrong in her choice of a husband and in her defense of him. Desdemona's generous nature tries to help Cassio receive his spot as Liutenant back. This is when her kindness falls for weakness. Using Desdemona and her natural goodness, Iago will "turn her virtue into pitch, and make the net that shall enmesh them all"(Act2 Scene 3 Line 366). It is Desdemona's innocent attempt to reconcile Othello with Cassio that gives Iago the opportunity to wreak vengeance upon Othello, causing the murder and suicide, which bring this tragedy to its violent conclusion.

Learning environment in primary schools

Virtual Learning Environments or VLEs are the new-age educational direction engineerings that support interactions between scholars and instructors. Virtual acquisition environments besides focus on using assorted resources like on-line systems and practical tools to heighten the acquisition experience. The learning result and experience realized by deploying such a system depends on how good instructors use the system in the schoolroom. The important determination to utilize VLEs in primary schools provides countless benefits to and arouse a figure of critical academic direction issues. The end of this paper is to measure how constructs of VLEs have affected acquisition in primary schools, particularly in relation to the present instruction patterns and deployment of online and practical instruction engineerings. In add-on, this paper besides provides how pedagogical acquisition values can impact the acquisition environment, particularly when schools use VLEs to circulate informatio n through modern communicating systems. Introduction The action to implement a practical acquisition environment ( VLE ) in a primary school provides a figure of advantages. It besides raises many pertinent issues for the school direction. In fact, school direction should take this issue really lightly ( Gill & A ; Shaw 2004 ) . VLEs are the new-age acquisition systems that provide a figure of practical benefits to schools. It ‘s, anytime and anyplace entree, ability to heighten motivational degrees in pupils, capableness to ease independent acquisition, enhanced use of modern information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) tools and active engagement of both instructors and pupils, are some of the most important benefits ( Becta 2004 ) . Many school direction boards perceive a VLE plan as â€Å" facilitators of alterations in instruction and teaching method towards more learner centered attacks, heightening interactivity in larning [ and ] assisting constructional cognition edifice † ( Land & A ; Hannafin 2000, Pentland 2003 ) . However, there is a lingering confusion over the use of footings that highlight online larning system ( Gill & A ; Shaw 2004 ) . The most widely accepted definition for VLEs as defined by JISC ( 2003 ) is really simple: â€Å" A VLE is an electronic system that can supply on-line interactions of assorted sorts that can take topographic point between scholars and coachs, including online acquisition † ( JISC, 2003 ) . Some other definitions are broader and brushing in nature. European Schoonet uses a broader definition for VLE: â€Å" Any solutions that propose a coherent set of services with pedagogical purposes, back uping acquisition and instruction activities † ( EUN 2003, Annex VI, p81 ) . Commercial VLE developers use an wholly different definition while schools use the term acquisition platforms. The history and development of VLE is rather recent. With the promotion in computing machine and communicating engineering, policymakers from different schools started utilizing on or the other VLEs to supplement their primary educational attempts. Although the use of VLEs is really recent, one can follow the history of VLE back to the former yearss of educational calculating those used technically lacking systems ( Winn 2002 p332-335, Ganesan et al 2002, p94-95 ) . If at all, some schools used this engineering, it was most likely motivated by technological developments instead than the most urgent instruction demands ( Esienstadt & A ; Vincent 2000, Porter 2003, Gill & A ; Shaw 2004 ) . There is a ferocious argument on the efficaciousness of presenting VLEs in a primary school educational scene. Right now, there are light studies of primary schools utilizing a full-pledged VLE to heighten the quality of instruction. Becta ( 2003 ) studies that, â€Å" a to the full incorporate VLE [ may ] non be appropriate for a primary school at this phase in VLE development † ( p35 ) . On the other manus, Gill and Shaw ( 2004 ) perceives that â€Å" most of the primary schools depend â€Å" on external inputs to develop their apprehension, vision and attendant usage of any provided solution † ( p3 ) . However, more Numberss of schools have started to utilize VLEs to intermix primary instruction into the kingdom of modern practical educational constructs ( DfES 2005c ) . Some primary schools around the universe, particularly in the progress states of the West have started utilizing â€Å" establishment degree † information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) to better their instruction and direction aims. This survey provides how VLEs can impact the edification degrees of primary instruction in schools and in what mode primary schools can incorporate many pedagogical practical acquisition values in a seamless mode. This paper besides presents the use of primary practical acquisition techniques that a primary school can utilize to develop its pupils and recognize better larning experience from them. Reappraisal of Literature VLE is basically a network-empowered computing machine package plan where the user takes portion in an highly fake 3D infinite medium ( Dickey, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Trindade et Al. ( 2002 ) , VLD displays a high grade of submergence and active engagement that finally makes a user as if he or she is an unreal environment. A VLE plan may include several tools like conferencing system, synergistic simulation tools, shred practical whiteboards, asynchronous and synchronal treatment togss ( Britain & A ; Liber, 1999 ) . VLEs offer several advantages over a traditional schoolroom. They are flexible, convenient, supply easy entree to class stuffs and aid pupils retain cognition for a long clip. VLEs besides empower larning that is student-focused, synergistic and self-sufficient ( Harasim et al. 1995 ) . Academicians believe that VLEs could assist pupils with rational lacks in advanced instruction. Pantelidis ( 1993 ) believes that VLEs have the capableness to promote active acquisition and they give users an experience of self-denial over the learning procedure. Both engaged acquisition and VLEs relate with each other. Engaged acquisition is a really old thought. VLEs normally deliberate on active and engaged larning through enquiry. Engagement is an of import construct. In kernel, it is â€Å" the mobilisation of cognitive, affectional and motivational schemes for interpretative minutess with text ‘ ( Bangert-Drowns and Pyke, 2001, p215 ) . An occupied scholar discoveries larning really exciting while the attending degree that he or she exhibits is far better and lengthier. An occupied scholar is besides a scholar by engagement and geographic expedition. The active usage of information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) and its tools could help a pupil become an active and engaged scholar. An ICT based, VLE environment ever involves disputing and existent jobs to work out ( Savery & A ; Duffy, 1995 ) . It besides facilitates different types of interactions like learner-content, learner-learner, and learner-teacher ( Chou, 2003 ) . Collaborative acquisition is possible with the deployment of VLEs. Students can easy work in groups to happen solutions to a common job or act as a squad to happen collaborative solutions. Salmon ( 2003 ) explained how teachers could utilize VLE to assist pupils go capable and academically empowered. A good VLE system can better I ) the pupil ‘s degree of handiness to the acquisition procedure, two ) the schoolroom interaction between the pupils and teachers and three ) their motive towards the acquisition ( Lopez et al. 2007 ) . Using effectual VLEs to incorporate seamless pedagogical values The execution of VLEs in a primary school can be really effectual. To put up a formidable VLE to back up a school course of study, the direction may necessitate to believe of its effectivity that in bend is influenced by three of import factors: cognition direction, students ‘ attack to acquisition, and academic public presentation ( Becta 2003 p32 ) . However, all the three factors show a really close relationship. The basic attack to larning in a primary school is affected by the type and effectivity of cognition direction and its sharing form among different pupils. These factors besides lead to some critical inquiries: First, how does a VLE plan act as an effectual tool for administrating cognition direction in a primary school? Second, can its usage and deployment demonstrate a positive influence on pupil ‘s point of view about his or her academic public presentation? Third, is it possible for a VLE plan to heighten the public presentation of pupil in footings of mensurable academic accomplishment? Although practical acquisition environment is a fast spread outing field of academic research, its usage in primary school is instead really bare. No much literature is available on this specific country. One of the of import concerns that most schools express is how they can guarantee a better bringing for traditional course of study and act as facilitators for brushing pedagogical transmutations on the other. Another pressure concern could be the being of the perceived â€Å" digital divide † as suggested by many writers ( Sallis & A ; Jones 2002, Valentine et al 2005 ) .Some school direction boards may besides experience about the equality of entree to an online course of study ( Becta, 2003 ) . One of the booby traps of utilizing VLEs in a primary schoolroom scene is the being of a â€Å" digital divide † . Many of the pupils who want to take portion in the VLE thrust may non hold a computing machine with an internet connexion. Students from developing states normally face this job. Another important concern could be the deficiency of cognition in runing a computing machine system. However, some pupils may entree the class by deriving internet connexion from topographic points other than their places. However, these concerns may be irrelevant now because the deployment of robust VLEs can vouch a figure of benefits and advantages. They can authorise the school and its pupils with a far greater entree to the course of study by utilizing a specific and confirmed technological invention ( Vincent & A ; Whalley 1998 ) . In add-on, an efficient computer-enabled communicating system can wheedle even the shyest and withdrawn pupils to fall in the plan ( Williams 2002, p266 ) . VLE-blended learning plan Acts of the Apostless as a solid ground tackle. The instructor who handles the plan becomes the ground tackle for his or her pupils. Anchored direction will authorise pupils to research, question, inquiry and analyze the class presented in a practical context. VLEs are really efficient in giving a meta-environment where the system will unite legion on-line resources that could be of huge usage to a pupil ( Sumner & A ; Taylor 1998 ) . Teachers use VLEs as a common platform to plan and make trade name new classs ( Minshull 2004, p25 ) . A instructor who uses a good VLE can presume the function of a â€Å" cognition agent † ( Davenport & A ; Prusak, 2000, p29-30 ) . Decisions Introducing a VLE environment is a direction determination. The most of import inquiry that research workers pose here is, â€Å" what can schools make to put up a VLE acquisition environment and guarantee its complete success and maximal effectivity? † Minshull debates that â€Å" it is aˆÂ ¦ indispensable that the choice of the VLE and the manner it is implemented are in close conformity with the establishment ‘s strategic program † ( 2004, p20 ) . Many writers argue that VLEs in a primary school context is non utile and it may non supply the coveted result. It is true that many schools are happening deployment of VLEs in their school course of study. The most often asked inquiry is whether this system is making a new paradigm in instruction or it is merely seeking to better an already bing version of plan. The European EUN Consortium Study ( Vuorikari, 2003 ) argues about three of import points: There is a sensed roar in VLE ‘s development They are non run intoing the outlooks of the academicians Schools, whoever is utilizing it, deploy it as a traditional tool to circulate new cognition and accomplishments By the way, this study proposes two plausible grounds for the slow-paced development in the deployment of VLE. The first ground is that most instructors are still larning the techniques in which a VLE plant. The 2nd 1 is the system ‘s inability to back up the coveted alteration ( Vuorikari, 2003 ) . VLEs could be extremely successful tools for presenting content in a real-time mode. However, it can work merely when it utilizes its technological characteristics along with the much-needed re-analysis of the instructor ‘s teaching method. At times, instructors and teachers who are involved may hold some troubles. The teacher-level barriers to the successful execution of VLE system could be the deficiency of assurance, clip and preparation ( Guha, 2000 ) . Teacher ‘s evident fright of failure could besides be a large factor in accommodating to the new engineering. A important alteration in the pedagogical pattern to utilize the new engineering may coerce some instructors non to accept the utility of VLE plans because they feel that those plans may non heighten larning procedure. It may be necessary to analyze the bing pedagogical atmosphere in relation to the present manner of instruction, scrutiny and instruction patterns. The type of barriers that exist today towards the effectual usage of VLE systems are segregated into two typical groups: those associating to the teachers and those connected to the establishment direction ( Becta, 2004 ) . Lack of good ICT installations could be another barrier ( Pelgrum, 2001 ) . Inadequate entree to computing machine installations and organisation of computing machine systems into VLE suits could besides be other barriers ( Fabry and Higgs, 1997 ) . Introduction of VLEs into primary school environment is a comparatively new phenomenon. With the coming of new communicating engineerings and tools, the instruction sector will see debut of sophisticated bringing systems that rely entirely on practical acquisition environment doctrines and aims. Barriers, when broken and shattered, will give manner over to the adaptation of VLEs in an drawn-out graduated table. However, instructors and the establishments may necessitate to utilize this system sagely and in a productive mode. Otherwise, they may merely neglect to accomplish the coveted aims. To cite Tony Bates ‘ words, â€Å" Good instruction may get the better of a hapless pick in the usage of engineering, but engineering will ne'er salvage bad instruction ; it normally makes it worse † ( 1995, p.12 ) .

Business Environment Essay

1.LIST SOME STAKEHOLDERS OF MCDONALDS. CLASIFY THEM AS INTERNAL, CONNECTED AND EXTERNAL TYPES. Stakeholders can be defined as â€Å"individuals and groups who are affected by the activities of an organization. The most important stakeholders can be seen as those with most to lose from the organization’s actions, but this does not always reflect their relative power† An organization’s stakeholders are all parties who can reasonably be understood to be affected by its decisions. They can be deemed to represent the business’s social and environmental capital as well as economic. Stakeholders can be of very different and varied guises and also harbor conflicting interests consequently, its image and reputation in the eyes of its stakeholders is critical to the company. Mainly they can be categorized into three major groups: 1) Internal Stakeholders 2) Connected Stakeholders 3) External Stakeholders 4) Stakeholders Conflicts Stakeholders are found in all organizations, businesses or firms – from a local grocery store to huge multinational companies such as Coca-Cola, McDonalds and Microsoft. The number of stakeholders per business will vary as will their importance and influence. The type of organization or product / service it supplies will also determine its stakeholders. A Public Limited Corporation may have far more stakeholders than a family owned business due to its vast numbers of shareholders. Discussing about McDonalds, it also hold many stakeholders those who get  affected and vice versa. Stakeholders of McDonalds can be categorized into the three major groups as shown under: Internal Stakeholders Following are the stakeholders which fall under this category: 1)Managers or Directors 2)Staff or Employees Internal stakeholders are those who are ‘members’ of the business organization. These stakeholders are situated within the McDonald and may affect the ‘day-to-day’ running of McDonalds or be affected. Their interest would be in the McDonald`s success which will alternatively secure their career and assure them for high wages and benefits.   Example of the internal stakeholder for McDonald would be as follows: †¢The employees/staff member working in the McDonald’s restaurant Connected Stakeholders Following are the stakeholders which fall under this category: 1)Shareholders 2)Customers 3)Suppliers 4)Finance providers Connected stakeholders are those outside the organization but have a direct interest with the progress of the business. McDonald’s suppliers would want that the business runs and grows well, as this will ensure more supplies to McDonald. The owner/shareholder will look forward for high turnover, while the customer will look for a great value of the money which they are going to spend Example of connected stakeholders for McDonald’s would be as follows: †¢Shareholder/owner: Emirates Fast Food Corporation LLC †¢Supplier: Coca-Cola External Stakeholders Following are the stakeholders which fall under this category: 1)Community 2)Environmental Pressure Groups 3)Government 4)Trade unions External stakeholders are those who are not the member of the organization, but they are indirectly affected with the ups and downs of the business. Example of the external stakeholders of the McDonald’s in UAE is as follows: †¢Government: Environment Agency UAE Stakeholders Conflicts There are many chances of conflicts among the interests of the stakeholders, i.e. customers would like to avail the best product and service at a very low price, while on the other hand managers and directors would be expecting increase in the profit ratio, which cannot be achieved by offering the products and services at a low price.   Logically, a company should tailor its communication to each stakeholder group individually to engage the special concerns of that group. It is important that an organization meets the needs of the most dominant stakeholders, but the needs of the other stakeholders need to be considered – nearly every decision becomes a compromise. 2.How does McDonald`s social responsibility affects its business and stakeholders? Analyze McDonald`s corporate social responsibility for its suppliers and the community. Corporate responsibility means many things to many people. At McDonald’s, being a responsible company means living our values to enable us to serve food responsibly and work toward a sustainable future. The goal of McDonalds CSR is to embrace responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the  public interest (PI) by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. By maintaining their CSR policy the leave a great impact on their stakeholders, and ultimately maintains their reputation. This also affects their business in a very positive manner. McDonald’s Corporation is among â€Å"Most Admired Companies† for social responsibility. In 2001 it was ranked in the Wall Street Journal as number five in reputation for corporate social responsibility. McDonald’s social responsibility always focuses on a goal of influencing a behavior change among the community and its stakeholders which is to contribute in improving the environmental and community well-being. McDonald’s CSR policy for its Suppliers As it is assumed, McDonalds supply chain is large and complex. They have numerous direct suppliers – companies that make or deliver final products for restaurants. They have an even larger number of indirect suppliers – farms and facilities that grow and process the ingredients that get delivered to their direct suppliers. They envision a supply chain that profitably yields high-quality, safe products without supply interruption while leveraging their leadership position to create a net benefit by improving ethical, environmental and economic outcomes. Ethical – They envision purchasing from suppliers that follow practices that ensure the health and safety of their employees and the welfare and humane treatment of animals in the supply chain. Environmental – They envision influencing the sourcing of the materials and ensuring the design of their products, manufacturing, distribution and use minimize lifecycle impacts on the environment. Economic – They envision delivering affordable food, engaging in equitable trade practices, limiting the spread of agricultural diseases, and positively impacting the communities that their suppliers operate in. McDonald’s suppliers are expected to share and apply McDonald’s vision of sustainable supply to their own suppliers (McDonald’s indirect suppliers). They launched an enhanced Social Accountability program, including online training for suppliers, their facility managers, and McDonald’s supply chain staff. †¢99% of our 523 approved abattoirs were audited for animal welfare in 2007, and 99.2% of those passed their audits. †¢Seven of our nine largest markets have introduced the environmental scorecard to their suppliers. †¢In 2007, 91% of our fish was sourced from fisheries without any unsatisfactory sustainability ratings †¢McDonald’s global minimum standard prohibits the use of antibiotics when used solely for growth promotion purposes. 100% of their direct relationship poultry suppliers around the world have acknowledged their compliance with their antibiotics policy McDonald’s CSR policy for the Community According to the McDonald community approach, it states that: Giving back has been fundamental to our business ever since Ray Kroc founded McDonald’s more than 50 years ago. Our communities give us so much in return—not just by supporting our business— but by increasing our brand visibility and strengthening our relationships with our stakeholders. We use three key strengths—our scope, our people and our profits—to make a meaningful and lasting impact on the global communities where we live and work. McDonald’s support its communities by working for them in a wide perspective. Mentioning some of the activities that McDonalds carry in favor of the community as under: WHEN DISASTER STRIKES †¢When tragedy arrives, McDonald’s the McDonald’s System responds. McDonald’s employees, franchisees and suppliers mobilize to provide assistance in many  forms. Over the last several years, our System has provided food and other assistance to victims of such disasters as the 9/11 tragedy in New York City, Pennsylvania and Washington D.C. in 2001, the tsunami in Southeast Asia in 2004 and the devastating hurricane season in the U.S. in 2005 †¢During the May 12 earthquake in China. McDonald’s China served almost 40,000 meals to earthquake victims, relief workers, military personnel, hospitals and police and fire department officers. THE MCDONALD’S FAMILY GIVES BACK †¢McDonald’s employees, and others within the McDonald’s system, are given the opportunity to provide support for members of the system in the aftermath of natural disasters. McDonald’s Family Charity, established in 2000, has succeeded in distributing close to $4 million to over 4,000 individuals who have lost their homes or possessions during natural disasters. †¢In January 2004, McDonald’s Restaurants of Canada created the 10 Cent Happy Meal Donation program. Through this program, RMHC Canada receives 10 cents from the sale of every Happy Meal purchased, at every Canadian McDonald’s restaurant, every day of the year. It is RMHC Canada’s largest source of funding, reaching a milestone in 2009 of CA$25 million in total donations since inception GOING GREEN †¢McDonald’s delivery trucks in the United Arab Emirates are running on 100 percent biodiesel made with recycled vegetable oil from the chain’s more than 80 restaurants in the Emirates. 3.What are the factors that contributed to a ‘good’ corporate image of McDonald’s? A corporate image is the sum of the impressions that stakeholders (customers, suppliers, employees and the community) hold about your company—in other words, your reputation. The goal is to show what you are as a company throughout all its facets (not pretending to be something you aren’t) Following are the factors that lead to a good corporate image of McDonalds: †¢Being a Responsible and Good Employer †¢Fair Dealing with Suppliers †¢Taking care of the Customers †¢Transparent company policy Being a Responsible and Good Employer McDonalds is considered to be one of the best examples as a good employer. They provide their employees with a friendly and very convenient workplace to work in. As an employer they take care of the followings: Human Rights and the Law They prohibit physical punishment or abuse. They respect the right of employees to associate or not to associate with any group, as permitted by and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. They comply with employment laws in every market where we operate. Respect and Dignity They provide equal opportunity for employees and applicants. McDonald’s employees work in a place that is free from harassment, intimidation or abuse, sexual or otherwise, or acts or threats of physical violence. Inclusion and Diversity McDonald’s provides equal treatment and equal employment opportunity without regard to race, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, age, national origin or ancestry, physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, military status or any other basis protected by law.it also applies to the employment decisions, including recruitment, hiring, placement, development, promotion, training, scheduling, benefits, compensation and termination Fair Dealing with Suppliers They treat their suppliers respectfully, fairly and honestly, and expect their suppliers to treat them in the same way. McDonald’s bases its relationships with suppliers on lawful, efficient and fair practices.  McDonald’s is committed to fair employment practices and strives to provide a safe, healthful and productive work environment for its employees. In turn, they strive to work with suppliers who share their values. Taking care of the Customers McDonalds is highly focused about its customers, and it could be observed in this statement â€Å"Our customers are the reason for our existence†. Best Product Quality and Safety McDonald’s is committed to ensuring that the foods and beverages they serve to their customers are safe. Their safety and quality standards for food, beverages, toys and promotional items meet or exceed all applicable government requirements. They take this as part of their responsibility as a good corporate citizen, and know it is also essential to the continuing growth and profitability of their business. Best Customer Care/Handling McDonalds assures that each and every customer entering the restaurant is properly welcomed with due attention, is satisfied excellently in terms of the product they offer. They make sure that customer while leaving is satisfied with the product and service so that they retain their each customer. Transparent Company Policy McDonald is committed to have a crystal clear policy in terms of the followings: ïÆ'ËœCommunicating with the public/media ïÆ'ËœTrade Practices ïÆ'ËœFair competition ïÆ'ËœGovernment inquiries 4. Analyze McDonald’s mission statements in the case. What is the value of mission statement to McDonald’s employees, Customers and suppliers? A Mission Statement defines the organization’s purpose and primary  objectives. By crafting a clear mission statement and vision statement, you can powerfully communicate your intentions and motivate your team or organization to realize an attractive and inspiring common vision of the future. McDonalds MISSION STATEMENTS The two most famous mission statements of McDonalds are as follows: 1)â€Å"To be our customers favorite place and way to eat† 2)â€Å"Promote diversity and inclusion among our employees, owner/operator and supplier who represent diverse populations McDonald’s serve around the globe† Looking at the brand mission statement of McDonalds it clearly indicates that McDonalds is highly customer focused. They are committed to improve their operations and enhance their customers’ experience. They follow QSC&V strategy, QSC&V is an abbreviation for Quality, Service, Cleanliness & Value which is said to be a benchmark used throughout the world by the McDonald’s Corporation. This criterion is used for every customer, each and every time. In order to fulfill the mission statement the staff and employees form a friendly and happy environment in their respective restaurants. By doing so they achieve their goals and ultimately fulfill their mission statement The second mission statement of McDonalds describes the following approach: At McDonald’s, diversity and inclusion are part of our culture- from the crew room to the board room, we are working to achieve this goal every day by creating an environment for everyone to contribute their best. Our journey to bring our values to life have been documented in â€Å"None Of Us Is As Good As All Of Us† and it is a journey that continues today through our continued efforts with our employee business networks, diversity education, and our outreach in diversity communities. The value of mission statement for the Employees Mission statements hold an important and inspiring value to the employees. Likewise McDonalds mission statements work as a guideline for the employees so that they do their best to achieve the desired mission of the McDonalds. The value of mission statement for the customers  Ã¢â‚¬Å"our customers are the reason for our existence†. This is what the McDonalds mission statement defines. When the customers get to know the company`s attitude towards the community and customers is really appreciable and when they are sure about the products and services that they are going to avail will be beyond their expectations and meet their needs, so the customers will definitely return to the business. And this will ultimately give a rise to the business. The value of mission statement for the suppliers According to the McDonald, its business model is depicted by the three-legged stool of owner, suppliers and the company employees. So this indicates that Suppliers of the McDonald are of great importance for the organization and therefore the mission statements states their importance as well. The mission statement will guide its suppliers that they should always supply and deliver the best they have and maintaining the quality. It will also strengthen the relation among suppliers and the McDonalds. REFERENCES: †¢http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/etc/medialib/aboutMcDonalds/corporate_governance/standards_of_business.Par.44618.File.dat/9497_SBC_layout_McD_Eng-India%20101909.pdf †¢http://www.corporateregister.com/a10723/mcglob08-csr-us.pdf †¢http://jayzy2009.blogspot.com/2009/07/chapter-13-stakeholders.html

Federalism Essays - Government, Politics, Political Philosophy

Federalism Essays - Government, Politics, Political Philosophy Federalism What is federalism? Will it be a problem to our country? Or it will improve our country? Federalism is a form of government that distributes the power in the government between a central authority and the constituent units. Federalism can either be a success or fail, depending on the country. There are positive and negative side s in implementing federalism, som e of the negative effects are having inequalities between the regions , for example, instead of equal funds for health throughout the country, some region will spend more than the other, also to those regions that have political dynasty it will be unfair to the citizens, nothing will change/improve in their region because one family is controlling the region and they will not change their way of leading their region. Some of the benefits of federalism are first, diffusing of power, where power will be shared and not centralized into a single person or group of people, second is the citizen will h ave a participation in the society because government will be closer to the level of common citizens, they can help the government officials in improving their region which will result to more responsible citizens that can be the future leaders in the society. The last one is the innovation in law and policy, different sets of rules, policy and laws can be tried, and the most effective can be implemented in other regions or throughout the country, it's like the policy in the regions are experimental and when it is proved, it will be used as a national law. Federalism will be a good change in our country, but we need to make sure that if it is implemented, we know how to deal with it and learn to face the consequences of the actions we have made.

Complete Guide to Probability on SAT Math + Practice Questions

Complete Guide to Probability on SAT Math + Practice Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A probability question asks you to identify how likely a particular event is to occur. How likely is it that you’ll pick a red marble out of a bag? How likely is it that a particular person will be chosen out of a lottery? How likely is it that two or more events will both occur? These are just some of the many different types of probability questions you may encounter on the SAT. This guide will take you through all aspects of probability you’ll need to know for the SATexactly what probability means, the typical probability questions you’ll see on the SAT math section, and the steps needed to solve them. Before You Continue Probability questions will show up on most SAT tests. The vast majority of SAT tests only have one questions out of the 58 math questions total, although you might very occasionally see a test with zero or two probability questions. So plan your SAT math study prep accordingly. If you are struggling to understand other fundamental sections of the math test, like integers or single variable equations, you will want to turn your focus there before you tackle this probability guide. The most important part of studying for the SAT is to focus your attention on topics that show up the most. This way, you can maximize your potential point gain per section. But if you already have a solid grasp of the other fundamental math topics (or you just really want to learn this section first), then let’s get cracking on probability! You'll learn SAT math tips and formulas to work through questions that deal with chance. Don't worry- I hear the probability of success is higher than you'd think. What Does Probability Mean? $\Probability = {\desired \outcome}/{\all \possible \outcomes}$ Remember this SAT math formula! Asking for the probability of an event is the same thing as asking for the â€Å"odds† of any particular event happening. And this probability is expressed as a fraction of: the likelihood of the event over all the outcomes possible. So how likely is it that you’ll get tails if you flip a coin? The chances are 1 in 2. 1 for the number of outcomes you want (tails) and 2 for the total number of possibilities (heads and tails). Let’s take a look at another example: There are ten students in the class. Every day, the teacher selects a random student to erase the board. What are the odds that Student A will be selected to clean the board today? The probability of Student A being selected is $1/10$. The desired outcome is 1 because Student A is only one student. And there are 10 students total, so there are 10 possible outcomes (students to pick from). Now what would happen if we had more than one possible choice as our desired outcome? What are the odds that either Student A or Student B will be selected to clean the board today? The probability is now $2/10$ (or $1/5$). Why? Because there are now 2 possible students to choose from, but the total number of students is still 10. Because the probability of any event happening is expressed as a fraction, it means that an event that will absolutely and without a doubt occur has a probability of $1/1$ or 1. There is no higher chance of it happening- this particular event will happen every single time, without fail. A probability of an absolutely impossible event, however, will be 0 because $0/x = 0$. You can also think of probabilities as percentages. If I select a red marble from a bag at a probability of $1/5$, it means that there is a 20% chance that I will select a red marble because $1/5 = 0.2$ or 20%. I'm gonna go with tails on this one. Either/Or Probability ${\Probability \of \either \event} = [{\outcome \A}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}] + [{\outcome \B}/{\total \number \of \outcomes}]$ (Note: this kind of probability is called â€Å"non-overlapping.† This means that the two events cannot both happen at the same time. There is a way to find an either/or probability for overlapping events, but you will never be asked to do this on the SAT, so it is not in this guide) As we saw above with our example of multiple students selected at random to clean a board, an either/or probability question asks how likely it is that either one of two or more events will occur. This increases the odds of our desired outcome because we do not care which of the two events happen, only that one of them does. To solve this kind of problem, we must therefore add the probability of each individual event. Their sum is the probability of either event happening. What is the probability of drawing either an ace or a queen from a deck of cards? There are 4 aces in a deck of cards and 52 cards total. Therefore, the probability of drawing an ace is $4/52 = 1/13$ (or 7.69%). There are also 4 queens in a deck of cards. So the probability of drawing a queen is also $1/13$. So the probability of drawing either an ace or a queen is $1/13 + 1/13 = 2/13$ or 15.38%. There are types of probability questions other than simple probability and either/or, but these are the only two types of probability that the SAT tests. Conditional Probability Very occasionally, the SAT will hit you with a simple conditional probability question. (I found one spread across all 8 free SAT practice tests). Conditional probability is the chances of an event (B) happening given that another event or condition (A) has already happened or been fulfilled. It's still simple probability- desired outcomes over total outcomes- but figuring out the correct number of desired vs. total outcomes can be a little tricky. Here's an example: There are 100 people working on a performance: 52 dancers, 12 stage technicians, and 36 musicians. Among the dancers, 14 are ballet dancers, 20 are jazz dancers, and 18 are modern dancers. What is the probability of selecting a ballet dancer from those working on the performance, given that the person selected is a dancer? It might seem like this is asking you the probability of selecting a ballet dancer (of which there are 14) from everyone working on the performance (of which there are 100). But actually, it's asking you the probability of selecting a ballet dancer from the dancers, because we are accepting as a given (as a condition) that the person we are randomly selecting is a dancer. We can tell this from the phrase "given that the person selected is a dancer." Thus, we must calculate the probability of selecting a ballerina (Event B) given condition A, that the person we select will be from among the 52 dancers. So the answer is $14/52$. You can identify conditional probability questions because they will say "given" or some other word or phrase to indicate that there is some precondition being met ("provided that," "assuming," etc.). Life would be better if there were a much higher probability of this actually happening Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Typical SAT Probability Questions Probability questions on the SAT will always be accompanied by a chart of some sort. Here's an example from SAT Practice Test 1: Dreams Recalled During One Week: None 1-4 5+ Total Group X 15 28 57 100 Group Y 21 68 100 Total 36 39 125 200 The data in the table above were produced by a sleep researcher studying the number of dreams people recall when asked to record their dreams for one week. Group X consisted of 100 people who observed early bedtimes, and Group Y consisted of 100 people who observed later bedtimes. If a person is chosen at random from those who recalled at least 1 dream, what is the probability that the person belonged to Group Y? $68/100$ $79/100$ $79/164$ $164/200$ There's no "either/or" or "given/assuming" in the question text, so we can conclude this is a simple probability question. This means we are looking for two pieces of information: the number of desired outcomes over the total number of outcomes. Let's actually start with our total number of outcomes: the text says we are choosing from "those who recalled at least 1 dream." So we need to figure out the total number of people (in either group) who recalled at least 1 dream. That's going to be everyone in both Group X and Group Y from the "1-4" and "5+" columns of the table. $$28+57++68 = 164$$ So our total number of outcomes (or the total number of people who remembered 1 or more dreams) is 164. You could also look at the "Totals" row at the bottom and add $39+125$ if that's easier for you. Now we need to know the number of desired outcomes. The question asks us the probability that our random choice from the group of people who remembered 1+ dreams is in Group Y. So how many Group Y individuals are in our group of 164 people who remembered at least one dream? We can figure this out by adding together the Group Y cells in the "1-4" and "5+" columns: $$+68 = 79$$ Our number of desired outcomes, then, is 79. If we put our desired outcomes (79) over our total outcomes (164) then we get $79/164$. Thus, the answer is C. I somehow don't think the odds are that much in my favor in this game.... How to Solve a Probability Question: SAT Math Strategies You will know if you are being asked for a probability question on the SAT because there will be a chart and the problem will ask you for the "probability of," the "proportion of," or the "odds of" one or more events happening. When you see those words, follow these two simple steps to solving a probability question: #1: Determine What Kind of Question It Is It's important to determine whether the question is a simple probability question, a conditional probability question, or an either/or probability question so that you know how to proceed. Remember, either/or questions will pretty much always have an "either" or an "or" in the question, and conditional probability questions will say "given" or "assuming" or some other word to indicate that there's some kind of condition or event preceding the probability you must calculate. #2: Simplify the Idea of a Probability Once you get used to working with probabilities, you’ll find that probability questions are often just fancy ways of working with fractions and percentages. This is especially clear in the SAT's format, which gives you everything in a chart. You typically just need to figure out which cells of the table to add together to get the desired outcomes and put that over the cells you need to add together to get the total number of outcomes that the question is asking about. The really important part is usually identifying what the total outcomes actually are and what the desired outcomes actually are. With odds of 37 to 1, how could you lose? (Answer: easily) Test Out Your Knowledge with SAT Math Practice Questions 1. From SAT Practice Test 3: Under 40 40+ Total Male 12 2 14 Female 8 3 Total 20 5 25 The table above shows the distribution of age and gender for 25 people who entered a contest. If the contest winner will be selected at random, what is the probability that the winner will be either a female under age 40 or a male age 40 or older? $4/25$ $10/25$ $/25$ $16/25$ 2. From SAT Practice Test 3: Left-handed Right-handed Female Male Total 18 122 The incomplete table above summarizes the number of left-handed students and right-handed students by gender for the eighth-grade students at Keisel Middle School. There are 5 times as many right-handed female students as there are left-handed female students, and there are 9 times as many right-handed male students as there are left-handed male students. If there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students in the school, which of the following is closest to the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female? (Note: Assume that none of the eight-grade students are both right-handed and left-handed.) $0.410$ $0.357$ $0.333$ $0.250$ 3. From SAT Practice Test 5: Teaching Research Total General Surgeon 258 156 414 Orthopedic Surgeon 9 74 193 Total 377 230 607 In a survey, 607 general surgeons and orthopedic surgeons indicated their major professional activity. The results are summarized in the table above. If one of the surgeons is selected at random, which of the following is closest to the probability that the selected surgeon is an orthopedic surgeon whose indicated professional activity is research? $0.122$ $0.196$ $0.318$ $0.379$ 4. From SAT Practice Test 7: (Grid-In Question) Number of Contestants by Score and Day 5/5 4/5 3/5 2/5 1/5 0/5 Total Day 1 2 3 4 6 2 3 20 Day 2 2 3 5 5 4 1 20 Day 3 3 3 4 5 3 2 20 Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60 The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1 point for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table above. No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on one of the three days? Answers: B, A, A, $5/7$ Answer Walk-Throughs Practice Question 1: This is an either-or probability question, which we can tell because the question includes "either" and "or." So we'll be adding two simple probabilities together. The first probability is the chance of choosing a female under 40 at random from the group of people who entered the contest. There were 8 females under 40 and 25 entrants total according to the table, so our first probability is $8/25$. The second probability is the chance of choosing a male 40 or over. According to the table, there were 2 men 40 or over, and, again, we know that 25 people entered the contest, so our second probability is $2/25$. Now we need to add our probabilities together: $$8/25 + 2/25 = 10/25$$ Thus, the answer is B. Practice Question 2: Wait a second- the table isn't all the way filled out here! This is actually an algebra question and a probability question tied up in one. How can we figure out what goes in the table here? Well, we know that there are five times as many right-handed female students as left-handed female students. Let's say, then, that the number of left-handed female students is $f$ and the number of right-handed female students is $5f$. For the male students, we'll say that $m$ is the number of left-handed male students and then, per the problem, $9m$ is the number of right-handed male students, since there are 9 times as many. We also know that there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students. This means that $$f+m = 18$$ and $$5f + 9m = 122$$ What we're really interested in here is the number of right-handed female students (which is our desired outcome), so let's solve for $f$. Per our first equation, $$m=18-f$$ So replacing $m$ with $18-f$ in our other equation, we get: $$5f + 9(18 - f) = 122$$ $$5f + 162 - 9f = 122$$ $$-4f + 162 = 122$$ $$-4f = -40$$ $$f = 10$$ Remember, $f$ is the number of left-handed female students, and the number of right-handed female students is $5f$ or 50. This means that our desired outcome (right-handed female students) is 50. Our total number of potential outcomes is going to be the total number of right-handed students, since that is the pool we are selecting from. That's 122. So the answer is $50/122$. In decimal form, this is 0.410. Thus, the answer is A. Practice Question 3: This is a good old simple probability question. We are selecting one of the surgeons at random, so the total number of potential outcomes is just the total number of surgeons- 607. And we want to know the chances that a randomly-selected surgeon is an orthopedic surgeon whose professional activity is research. Per the table, there are 74 orthopedic surgeons who do research. This means our probability is $74/607$ or, as a decimal, 0.122. So the answer is A. Practice Question 4: This grid-in question is both an either/or probability question and a conditional probability question. The condition is we are selecting at random among contestants who received a 5/5 on one of the three days. The question tells us that we can assume that no one got the same score multiple days, so we can assume that the 7 people who received 5s across the 3 days are all different people. Our total number of potential outcomes, then, is 7- not 20, the total number of contestants. Our desired outcome is the number of people receiving 5s on Day 2 or Day 3 (there's that either/or)! 2 people received 5s on Day 2, and 3 on Day 3. Our two probabilities that we are adding together, then, are $$2/7 + 3/7 = 5/7$$ The answer, then, is $5/7$. Whoo! Take your new probability knowledge and celebrate! The Take-Aways Probability questions can seem much trickier than they actually are. By taking the time to analyze what is being asked of you- what's really the desired outcome? How many possible outcomes are there really? Is this an either/or question?- and understanding that probabilities are simply fractional relationships of desired outcomes over all potential outcomes, you’ll be able to tackle SAT probability questions in no time. What’s Next? You’ve stacked the odds in your favor by mastering SAT probability. Now that you’re done, it’s probably a good idea to take a look at all the topics covered on SAT math. Don’t know how you could possibly finish a math section on time? Look no further than our article on how to buy yourself time and complete your SAT math problems before it’s pencils down. Want to get a perfect score? If you’ve already mastered your timing and score, it may be time to look at our article on how to get a perfect 800 on SAT Math, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: